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Laser Crystal
Overview
| Laser Crystal | Ti:Sapphire | Nd:YAG | Nd:YVO4 |
|---|---|---|---|
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| Physical and Optical Properties | |||
| Chemical formula | Ti 3+ : Al2O3 | Nd:Y3 Al5 O12 | Nd:YVO4 |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal | Cubic | Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h, |
| Melting point | 2050°C | 1970°C | |
| Density | 3.98 g/cm3 | 4.56 g/cm3 | 4.22 g/cm3 |
| Mohs hardness | 9 | 8.5 | Glass-like, ~5 |
| Thermal conductivity Coefficient | 0.11 cal/(°C x sec x cm) | 14 W/m /K @20 °C, 10.5 W /m /K @100 °C. | ||C: 5.23 W/m/K; ^C: 5.10 W/m/K |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 7.8 x 10-6 /K [111], 0 - 250 °C | aa=4.43x10-6/K, ac=11.37x10-6/K | |
| Lasing Wavelength | 660~1050 nm (795 nm) | 1064 nm | 914nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm |
| Absorption range | 400~600 nm (488 nm) | lamp pump | 808nm |
| Lattice constants | a=4.748, c=12.957 | 12.01 | a=b=7.12, c=6.29 |
| Fluorescence lifetime | 3.2 µsec (T = 300 K) | 230msec | 90 msec (about 50 m s for 2 atm% Nd doped) @ 808 nm |
| Absorption Coefficient | 1.0~7.5cm -1 @490nm | 7.1 cm-1 | 31.4 cm -1 @ 808 nm |
| Refractive index | 1.76 @ 800 nm | 1.82 @1064nm | no =1.9573, ne =2.1652 @ 1064nm |
| Polarized Emission | Unpolarized | Unpolarized | parallel to optic axis (c-axis) |
| Typical Specification and Tolerance | |||
| conentration | 0.06~0.5 wt% Ti dopant | 0.5~1.2 atm% Nd dopant (10% tolerance) | 0.2 ~ 3 atm% Nd dopant (10% tolerance) |
| Figure of Merit | 100~300 | ||
| Aperature | 2~50mm | 3 ~ 14mm | 1 ~ 20mm |
| Path Length | 2~130mm | 1 ~ 160mm | 0.02 ~ 20mm |
| End configuration | flat/flat or Brewster/Brewster ends or Specified | flat/flat or Brewster/Brewster ends or Specified | flat/flat or Brewster/Brewster ends or Specified |
| Orientation | Optical axis C normal to rod axis | <111> crystalline direction (+/-0.5°C) | a-cut crystalline direction (+/-0.5°C) |
| parallelism | <λ/10 arc seconds | ||
| Surface quality | better than 60/40 scratch/dig per MIL-O-13830A | better than 20/10 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-1380A | better than 20/10 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-1380A |
| Surface flatness | <λ/10 @633nm | <λ/10 at 632.8nm | <λ/10 at 632.8nm |
| Wavefront distortion | <λ/4 per inch @ 633 nm | <λ/10 at 632.8nm for 3 ~7mm <λ/8 per inch at 632.8nm for >=7mm | <λ/8 at 633nm |
| Perpendicularity | < 5 arc minutes | < 5 arc minutes | < 5 arc minutes |
| Clear aperture | Central 90% | Central 95% | Central 95% |
| Chamfer | 0.15x44° | 0.15x45° | 0.15x45° |
| Damage threshold | over 15J/cm2 (rods without coating) over 700MW/cm2 (coating) | over 15J/cm2 (rods without coating) over 700MW/cm2 (coating) | over 15J/cm2 (rods without coating) over 700MW/cm2 (coating) |
| Coatings | AR@700~1100nm | a) AR@1064nm,R<0.1% b) AR@1064nm,R<0.1%; HT@808nm,T>95%; c) HR@1064nm,R<99.8%; HT@808nm,T>95%; d) HR@1064nm,R<99.8%; HT@808nm,T>95%; HR@532nm,R>99%; | a) AR@1064nm,R<0.1% b) AR@1064nm,R<0.1%; HT@808nm,T>95%; c) HR@1064nm,R<99.8%; HT@808nm,T>95%; d) HR@1064nm,R<99.8%; HT@808nm,T>95%; HR@532nm,R>99%; |